Ternopil and Khmelnytsky branches of the SI “Derzhgruntokhorona” have developed recommendations for determining and maintaining soil moisture.
Water enters the soil with precipitation, groundwater, by condensation of water vapour from the atmosphere, with irrigation water. Groundwater is the lifeblood of plants, soil fauna and micro-flora.
Plants need a lot of water. Thus, for the formation of 1 kg of organic matter consumes from 200 to 1000 g of water. 3 water enters the plants nutrients.
The intensity of biological, chemical and physicochemical processes, water-air and thermal regimes, nutrition regime, physical-mechanical properties depend on the water content in the soil.
Water plays an important role in soil formation, in particular in the processes of weathering and mineral formation, humus formation, the formation of genetic horizons of the soil profile, the dynamics of soil-forming processes.
Soil water is a thermoregulatory factor, determining the temperature of the soil.
Optimal soil moisture for crops is a guarantee of a high yield, as plants cannot grow if the soil is not sufficiently moist.
Knowledge of the patterns of behaviour of soil moisture, management of water properties, water regime with the premise of regulation and optimization of soil fertility.
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